MOTS-C (10MG)

What Is MOTS-C and Why Buy It for Research?

Buy MOTS-C in Switzerland for research into mitochondrial signaling, metabolic regulation, and AMPK activation pathways. Specifically, MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a synthetic 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with the sequence H-Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-OH (one-letter code: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR).

Researchers first identified MOTS-C as a peptide encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. Cells translate the peptide in the cytoplasm using the standard genetic code after exporting its polyadenylated transcript from the mitochondria. Furthermore, MOTS-C is highly conserved across species, and researchers detect it in various tissues and in circulation. The peptide has a molecular weight of 2,174.59 g/mol, the molecular formula C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂, and the CAS number 1627580-64-6.

In scientific research, MOTS-C serves as a molecular tool for studying mitochondrial-derived peptide signaling, metabolic regulation, and AMPK activation pathways. Furthermore, Core Peptides supplies MOTS-C as a lyophilized powder exclusively for laboratory use. Therefore, researchers seeking to source this compound for their work will find it readily available when they buy MOTS-C in Switzerland.

MOTS-C Research Overview: Buy MOTS-C in Switzerland for Metabolic Studies

Centrally, research into MOTS-C has focused on its function as a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) that regulates metabolic homeostasis through the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway. Unlike conventional pharmaceutical agents that act through receptor-mediated signaling, MOTS-C targets the folate-methionine cycle and its tethered de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. This interaction leads to the accumulation of the metabolic intermediate AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide), which subsequently activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

MOTS-C modulates cellular metabolism, including glucose utilization and fatty acid metabolism, with skeletal muscle appearing as a key target tissue. Furthermore, the peptide induces cellular and systemic glucose uptake and improves insulin sensitivity. Studies have shown that MOTS-C treatment prevents age-dependent and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, as well as diet-induced obesity in mouse models.

Moreover, MOTS-C exerts beneficial effects on whole-cell and systemic metabolic parameters when administered exogenously. Research indicates that MOTS-C treatment lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission and ROS-related protein damage, indicating substantial alleviation of cellular oxidative stress. Accordingly, researchers who buy MOTS-C in Switzerland from Core Peptides can support their investigations into mitochondrial signaling, metabolic regulation, and AMPK activation pathways.

How Does MOTS-C Work in Research?

Mechanistically, MOTS-C’s proposed action involves functioning as a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide that modulates cellular metabolism through the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway. The peptide operates through several interconnected mechanisms.

Folate Cycle Inhibition and AICAR Accumulation

MOTS-C inhibits the folate cycle at the level of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5Me-THF), resulting in an accumulation of AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide). This interaction targets the folate-methionine cycle and its tethered de novo purine biosynthesis pathway. Consequently, the resulting increase in AICAR levels subsequently activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).

AMPK Activation and Metabolic Effects

AMPK activation by MOTS-C triggers a cascade of metabolic effects. The peptide stimulates cellular glucose uptake while suppressing respiration. The glucose taken up in response to MOTS-C is routed to the anabolic pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which provides carbon sources for the synthesis of purines, rather than being metabolized through glycolysis. Additionally, MOTS-C increases the levels of carnitine shuttles, which transport activated fatty acids into the mitochondria for β-oxidation. This suggests enhanced lipid utilization and improved metabolic efficiency.

Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress

MOTS-C improves intrinsic muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic health and efficiency in a PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent manner. Studies demonstrate that MOTS-C administration augments muscle mitochondrial bioenergetic performance through reliance on both the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α and AMPK. Furthermore, MOTS-C treatment lowers mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission and ROS-related protein damage, indicating substantial alleviation of cellular oxidative stress.

Host Defense and Immunomodulation

Recent research has identified MOTS-C as a mitochondrial-encoded amphipathic and cationic peptide with direct antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. MOTS-C targets Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), in part, by targeting their membranes using its hydrophobic and cationic domains. In a mouse model of acute peritonitis, MOTS-C fully neutralized MRSA infectivity. Additionally, in human monocytes, interferon gamma (IFNγ), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and differentiation signals each induced the expression of endogenous MOTS-C.

Why Is MOTS-C Studied in Switzerland?

Primarily, researchers study MOTS-C because it represents a well-characterized mitochondrial-derived peptide that enables investigation of metabolic regulation, mitochondrial signaling, and AMPK activation. In fact, this compound offers a focused tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and age-related metabolic decline.

Research has demonstrated MOTS-C’s relevance across multiple domains. For example, the peptide prevents age-dependent and high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance, as well as diet-induced obesity in mouse models. Furthermore, researchers have identified MOTS-C as an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis.

Moreover, investigators have studied MOTS-C for its roles in diabetes, including both type 1 and type 2, with emerging understanding providing insight into the development of new therapies for diabetes and other age or senescence-related diseases. The peptide has also demonstrated neuroprotective potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease. Additionally, MOTS-C has been investigated for its protective effects in acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice. Ultimately, researchers who buy MOTS-C in Switzerland gain access to a comprehensive research tool for investigating mitochondrial signaling, metabolic regulation, and AMPK activation pathways.

MOTS-C Research Areas in Laboratory Studies

Research Area	Focus	Evidence Level
Metabolic Regulation	AMPK activation, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation	Mechanistic / In Vitro / In Vivo
Mitochondrial Bioenergetics	PGC-1α pathway, ROS reduction, mitochondrial function, OXPHOS efficiency	Preclinical
Obesity and Diabetes	Diet-induced obesity prevention, insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis	Animal / Preclinical
Aging and Longevity	Age-related metabolic decline, physical function, cellular senescence	Preclinical
Exercise Physiology	Exercise-induced regulation, muscle adaptation, physical performance	Preclinical
Neuroprotection	Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, mitochondrial membrane potential	Preclinical
Host Defense and Immunity	Antimicrobial activity, immunomodulation, macrophage reprogramming	Mechanistic / In Vitro / In Vivo
Inflammatory Lung Diseases	Acute lung injury, COPD, asthma, oxidative stress, inflammation	Preclinical / Clinical

MOTS-C Compared With Related Research Compounds

Compound	Research Focus	Mechanism / Target	Key Difference
MOTS-C	Metabolic regulation, AMPK activation, mitochondrial signaling	Folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway	16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide; encoded by 12S rRNA
Humanin	Neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, mitochondrial signaling	Bax inhibitor, FPRL1/2 agonist	24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide; different sequence and mechanism
AICAR	AMPK activation, exercise mimetic	Direct AMPK activator (AMP analog)	Small molecule; not peptide; different delivery mechanism
Metformin	Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome	AMPK activation via mitochondrial complex I inhibition	Small molecule; different mechanism; indirect AMPK activation

Comparatively, MOTS-C differs from other mitochondrial-derived peptides in its unique mechanism of action through the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway. On the one hand, Humanin is a 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide that primarily exerts neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects through Bax inhibition and receptor signaling. On the other hand, MOTS-C is a 16-amino acid peptide that targets the folate-methionine cycle to activate AMPK via AICAR accumulation. In contrast, AICAR is a small molecule AMP analog that directly activates AMPK, while Metformin activates AMPK indirectly through mitochondrial complex I inhibition.

Research Applications for MOTS-C in Switzerland

Scientists have investigated MOTS-C across several research domains:

• Metabolic Research: Researchers use MOTS-C to study AMPK activation, glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidation in cellular and animal models.
• Mitochondrial Biology: The peptide is employed to investigate mitochondrial bioenergetics, PGC-1α signaling, ROS reduction, and mitochondrial function.
• Obesity and Diabetes Research: Studies have examined MOTS-C’s ability to prevent diet-induced obesity and improve insulin resistance in preclinical models.
• Aging and Longevity Research: MOTS-C has been studied for its effects on age-related metabolic decline and physical function.
• Exercise Physiology: The peptide has been identified as an exercise-induced regulator of muscle homeostasis and physical performance.
• Neuroprotection Studies: Research has explored MOTS-C’s neuroprotective potential in Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative conditions.
• Host Defense and Immunology: MOTS-C has been investigated for its direct antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions.

Evidently, researchers who buy MOTS-C in Switzerland gain a valuable addition to any laboratory toolkit focused on mitochondrial signaling, metabolic regulation, and AMPK activation research.

MOTS-C Product Specifications

Specification	Details
Product Name	MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c)
Alternative Names	MOTS-c, Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c, Mitochondrial open reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c
Amount	10mg
Form	Lyophilized powder
Purity	Not verified (≥98% HPLC purity reported by some suppliers)
Amino Acid Sequence	H-Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-OH
Sequence (1-letter)	MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
Peptide Length	16 amino acids
Molecular Formula	C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂
Molecular Weight	2,174.59 g/mol
CAS Number	1627580-64-6
PubChem CID	146675088
Research Category	Weight Management & Metabolism / Cellular Research & Signaling
Research Use	Laboratory research use only
CoA	Available upon request (not verified)
Storage	Lyophilized powder should be stored desiccated at -20°C or below, protected from light
Solubility	Soluble in water and bacteriostatic water

How to Evaluate MOTS-C Quality for Research

When sourcing MOTS-C peptide for laboratory research, researchers should consider several quality indicators:

• Identity Confirmation: Analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry should confirm the compound’s molecular weight (2,174.59 g/mol) and sequence (H-Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-OH).
• Purity Assessment: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) should verify purity, with ≥98% considered standard for research-grade material.
• Batch Traceability: Lot numbers and batch information enable researchers to track specific production runs.
• Certificate of Analysis: A CoA should accompany the product, detailing analytical testing results including HPLC purity and identity confirmation.
• Labeling Accuracy: Proper labeling should clearly indicate the product name, amount (10mg), sequence, molecular formula, CAS number, and storage recommendations.
• Storage Conditions: Appropriate storage at -20°C or below in desiccated, dark conditions helps maintain peptide stability.

Understanding the Certificate of Analysis

Typically, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) accompanies research peptides and provides information about the specific batch’s analytical testing. For example, a CoA may include product identity confirmation, purity percentage as determined by HPLC, batch or lot number for traceability, analytical methods used (e.g., mass spectrometry, HPLC), and a physical description of the product.

Nevertheless, it is important to note that a CoA does not establish safety, efficacy, therapeutic effectiveness, or suitability for human use. Instead, it serves as a quality control document that helps researchers verify the identity and purity of the peptide they are using in their laboratory investigations.

Storage and Stability of MOTS-C

Core Peptides supplies MOTS-C as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. To maintain stability and integrity:

• Store the lyophilized powder desiccated at -20°C or below for long-term storage
• Store at 4°C for short-term storage if frequent access is required
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
• Weigh under dry conditions; the peptide is hygroscopic
• Reconstitute only immediately before use with appropriate sterile solvents (sterile water or bacteriostatic water)
• Inject solvent slowly against the inner wall of the vial; avoid vigorous agitation during dissolution
• Filter sterilize if required (e.g., 0.22 µm) immediately prior to use
• Aliquot and store reconstituted solutions at -20°C or below to minimize degradation
• Protect from light and moisture; prolonged exposure to light, elevated temperature, or aqueous environments may reduce stability

Frequently Asked Questions About Buying MOTS-C in Switzerland

What is MOTS-C?

Specifically, MOTS-C (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a synthetic 16-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with the sequence MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR. It is encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene.

What is MOTS-C researched for?

Primarily, researchers study MOTS-C for its role in metabolic regulation, AMPK activation, and mitochondrial signaling. Studies have investigated its effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, obesity, diabetes, aging, and exercise performance.

How does MOTS-C work?

Mechanistically, MOTS-C targets the folate-methionine cycle, leading to AICAR accumulation and subsequent AMPK activation. This triggers a cascade of metabolic effects including increased glucose uptake, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and improved mitochondrial bioenergetics.

What is the amino acid sequence of MOTS-C?

The amino acid sequence is H-Met-Arg-Trp-Gln-Glu-Met-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Phe-Tyr-Pro-Arg-Lys-Leu-Arg-OH (one-letter code: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR).

What is the molecular weight of MOTS-C?

The molecular weight is 2,174.59 g/mol.

What is the molecular formula of MOTS-C?

The molecular formula is C₁₀₁H₁₅₂N₂₈O₂₂S₂.

What is the CAS number of MOTS-C?

The CAS number is 1627580-64-6.

Is MOTS-C synthetic?

Yes, MOTS-C is a synthetic peptide produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis.

What is the source of MOTS-C?

MOTS-C is encoded by a short open reading frame within the mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene. The peptide is translated in the cytoplasm using the standard genetic code after its polyadenylated transcript is exported from the mitochondria.

What research exists on MOTS-C?

Research on MOTS-C includes a landmark 2015 Cell Metabolism study demonstrating metabolic homeostasis and reduced obesity and insulin resistance, studies on mitochondrial bioenergetics and PGC-1α/AMPK-dependent effects, investigations into exercise-induced regulation and age-related physical decline, and research on host defense and immunomodulatory functions.

Is MOTS-C approved as a medicine?

No. Regulatory authorities have not approved MOTS-C as a medicine, pharmaceutical, or therapeutic agent. It is a research tool for laboratory use only.

Is MOTS-C intended for human use?

No. MOTS-C is intended for laboratory research use only and is not for human consumption, injection, or therapeutic application.

Where can I buy MOTS-C in Switzerland?

You can buy MOTS-C in Switzerland from Core Peptides, a trusted research peptide supplier serving the Swiss scientific community.

How should researchers evaluate MOTS-C quality?

Researchers should look for identity confirmation via mass spectrometry, purity data from HPLC, batch traceability, and a Certificate of Analysis.

Related Research Compounds

Researchers interested in MOTS-C may also find the following related compounds relevant to their work:

• Humanin — A 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide researched for neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, and mitochondrial signaling.
• AICAR — A small molecule AMP analog that directly activates AMPK, researched for exercise mimetic and metabolic effects.
• Metformin — A small molecule researched for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and AMPK activation via mitochondrial complex I inhibition.
• BPC-157 — A peptide researched for tissue healing, gastrointestinal protection, and angiogenesis.

Explore Weight Management & Metabolism

MOTS-C belongs to the Weight Management & Metabolism category of research compounds. Weight Management & Metabolism products are studied for their potential roles in metabolic regulation, energy homeostasis, and metabolic disease research. Generally, researchers who buy MOTS-C in Switzerland often pair it with related compounds in this category to explore complementary pathways in metabolic research and AMPK signaling.

Explore Cellular Research & Signaling

Researchers studying mitochondrial signaling, AMPK activation, and cellular metabolism may also find relevant compounds in the Cellular Research & Signaling category. MOTS-C’s interactions with the folate-AICAR-AMPK pathway make it a valuable tool for investigating fundamental cellular signaling and metabolic regulation.

Further Research

For researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of MOTS-C and its research applications, the following areas may warrant further investigation:

• The relationship between MOTS-C-mediated AMPK activation and specific downstream effects on metabolic regulation and mitochondrial function
• Comparative studies between MOTS-C and other mitochondrial-derived peptides in various metabolic and aging models
• The potential role of MOTS-C in modulating exercise performance, muscle adaptation, and physical function
• Mechanistic studies on MOTS-C’s interaction with the folate-methionine cycle and its functional consequences for AICAR accumulation and AMPK activation
• Exploration of MOTS-C’s effects on different cell types and tissue systems beyond skeletal muscle and metabolic tissues

Research Disclaimer

MOTS-C is a research peptide supplied for laboratory research use only. Researchers must not use it for human consumption, injection, or any form of therapeutic application. Moreover, this product is not a medicine, pharmaceutical, or medical device. Furthermore, Swissmedic, the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority have not approved it for human use. Researchers should consult Swissmedic for applicable regulations and guidance on research peptide handling in Switzerland.

Generally, the information provided on this page is for educational and scientific reference purposes only. Therefore, it does not constitute medical advice, treatment recommendations, or dosing instructions. Ultimately, researchers bear the responsibility for ensuring that their use of this product complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional guidelines.

Finally, all research involving peptides should be conducted by qualified personnel in appropriate laboratory settings with proper safety protocols.