KPV –(4MG)

What Is KPV and Why Buy It for Research?

Buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland for research into anti-inflammatory pathways, immunomodulation, and cytoprotective mechanisms. Specifically, KPV (also known as Lys-Pro-Val or Tripeptide-1) is a synthetic tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with the amino acid sequence Lys-Pro-Val (KPV).

KPV represents the C-terminal tripeptide sequence of α-MSH, a neuropeptide produced by the pituitary gland, immune cells, and other tissues. Importantly, KPV retains the potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of the parent hormone without the pigmentary (melanogenic) effects associated with full-length α-MSH. The peptide has a molecular weight of 357.45 g/mol and the molecular formula C₁₆H₃₁N₅O₄.

In scientific research, KPV serves as a molecular tool for studying melanocortin receptor signaling, inflammatory cytokine regulation, and immune system modulation. Furthermore, Core Peptides supplies KPV as a lyophilized powder in a 4mg format exclusively for laboratory use. Therefore, researchers seeking to source this compound for their work will find it readily available when they buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland.

KPV Research Overview: Buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland for Anti-Inflammatory Studies

Centrally, research into KPV has focused on its function as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory peptide derived from the C-terminal region of α-MSH. α-MSH is a neuropeptide with well-documented anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and antimicrobial activities. KPV is the smallest fragment of α-MSH that retains anti-inflammatory activity, making it a valuable tool for studying the melanocortin system’s role in inflammation.

KPV exerts its effects through binding to melanocortin receptors, primarily MC1R and MC3R, which are expressed on immune cells including macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils. This receptor binding triggers intracellular signaling cascades that modulate inflammatory responses. Furthermore, KPV has been shown to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6 while promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10.

Research has demonstrated that KPV effectively reduces inflammation in various preclinical models, including colitis, dermatitis, and sepsis. The peptide also exhibits cytoprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and promoting tissue repair. Accordingly, researchers who buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides can support their investigations into anti-inflammatory mechanisms, immune modulation, and cytoprotective pathways.

How Does KPV Work in Research?

Mechanistically, KPV’s proposed action involves functioning as a melanocortin receptor agonist that modulates immune responses and reduces inflammation through multiple signaling pathways. The peptide operates through several interconnected mechanisms.

Melanocortin Receptor Binding

KPV binds to melanocortin receptors, primarily MC1R and MC3R, which are expressed on various immune cells. This binding initiates intracellular signaling cascades that modulate immune responses. MC1R activation, in particular, has been associated with anti-inflammatory effects in multiple cell types.

Cytokine Modulation

KPV significantly modulates the production of inflammatory cytokines. Studies have shown that KPV inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IL-1β, and IL-6 while promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This cytokine regulation helps restore immune balance in inflammatory conditions.

Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling

KPV suppresses the activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), a key transcription factor involved in the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. By inhibiting NF-κB signaling, KPV reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and promotes inflammation resolution.

Macrophage Modulation

KPV modulates macrophage activity, promoting a shift from pro-inflammatory (M1) to anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. This macrophage polarization contributes to the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair.

Why Is KPV Studied in Switzerland?

Primarily, researchers study KPV because it represents a well-characterized anti-inflammatory tripeptide that enables investigation of melanocortin receptor signaling, cytokine modulation, and immune regulation. In fact, this compound offers a focused tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation, immune responses, and tissue protection.

Research has demonstrated KPV’s relevance across multiple domains. In a study on experimental colitis, KPV significantly reduced colon inflammation in rodents. The peptide also demonstrated efficacy in dermatitis models and in reducing oxidative stress markers. Furthermore, KPV has been studied for its potential to modulate the immune response in sepsis models and to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury.

KPV’s small size and stability make it an attractive research tool compared to larger peptides, and it offers a simple model for the anti-inflammatory activity of α-MSH. Ultimately, researchers who buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland gain access to a comprehensive research tool for investigating anti-inflammatory mechanisms, immunomodulation, and cytoprotective pathways.

KPV Research Areas in Laboratory Studies

Research Area	Focus	Evidence Level
Anti-Inflammatory Research	Cytokine modulation, NF-κB inhibition, inflammation resolution	Mechanistic / In Vitro / In Vivo
Immunomodulation	Macrophage polarization, immune cell regulation, MC1R/MC3R signaling	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Intestinal Inflammation	Colitis models, inflammatory bowel disease, mucosal protection	Animal / Preclinical
Skin Inflammation	Dermatitis models, wound healing, tissue protection	Animal / Preclinical
Sepsis Research	Immune response, cytokine storm, organ protection	Animal / Preclinical
Oxidative Stress	Antioxidant defense, ROS reduction, cytoprotection	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury	Tissue protection, organ preservation, inflammatory response	Preclinical

KPV Compared With Related Research Compounds

Compound	Research Focus	Mechanism / Target	Key Difference
KPV	Anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, cytoprotection	MC1R/MC3R agonist, cytokine modulation	Tripeptide; shortest α-MSH fragment retaining anti-inflammatory activity
α-MSH	Anti-inflammatory, pigmentation, neuroprotection	MC1R-MC5R agonist	Full-length 13-amino acid peptide; includes pigmentary effects
BPC-157	Tissue healing, gastrointestinal protection	Growth factor modulation, angiogenesis	Different mechanism; no melanocortin receptor involvement
TB-500	Tissue repair, wound healing	Actin binding, cell migration	Different mechanism; no melanocortin receptor involvement

Comparatively, KPV differs from full-length α-MSH in its size and research applications. On the one hand, α-MSH is a 13-amino acid peptide that exerts both anti-inflammatory and pigmentary effects through multiple melanocortin receptors. On the other hand, KPV is a tripeptide fragment that retains the anti-inflammatory properties without the pigmentary effects, making it a more focused tool for inflammation research. In contrast, BPC-157 and TB-500 operate through entirely different mechanisms unrelated to the melanocortin system.

Research Applications for KPV in Switzerland

Scientists have investigated KPV across several research domains:

• Anti-Inflammatory Research: Researchers use KPV to study cytokine modulation, NF-κB inhibition, and inflammation resolution in various preclinical models.
• Immunomodulation Studies: The peptide serves as a tool for investigating melanocortin receptor signaling, macrophage polarization, and immune cell regulation.
• Intestinal Inflammation: KPV has been studied for its effects on colitis models and inflammatory bowel disease.
• Skin Inflammation: Investigations have explored KPV’s potential in dermatitis models and wound healing.
• Sepsis Research: Studies have examined KPV’s ability to modulate immune responses and protect against cytokine storm.
• Oxidative Stress Research: KPV has been investigated for its antioxidant properties and cytoprotective effects.

Evidently, researchers who buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland gain a valuable addition to any laboratory toolkit focused on anti-inflammatory pathways, immunomodulation, and cytoprotective research.

KPV Product Specifications

Specification	Details
Product Name	KPV
Alternative Names	Lys-Pro-Val, Tripeptide-1, α-MSH fragment (11-13), Acetyl-Lys-Pro-Val
Amount	4mg
Form	Lyophilized powder
Purity	Not verified
Amino Acid Sequence	H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH (KPV)
Sequence (3-letter)	Lys-Pro-Val
Peptide Length	3 amino acids (tripeptide)
Molecular Formula	C₁₆H₃₁N₅O₄
Molecular Weight	357.45 g/mol
CAS Number	16789-00-5
Research Category	Immunity & Inflammation / Healing & Regeneration
Research Use	Laboratory research use only
CoA	Available upon request (not verified)
Storage	Lyophilized powder should be stored desiccated at -20°C or below, protected from light
Solubility	Soluble in water and buffered aqueous solutions

How to Evaluate KPV Quality for Research

When sourcing KPV peptide for laboratory research, researchers should consider several quality indicators:

• Identity Confirmation: Analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry should confirm the compound’s molecular weight (357.45 g/mol) and sequence (H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH).
• Purity Assessment: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) should verify purity, with ≥98% considered standard for research-grade material.
• Batch Traceability: Lot numbers and batch information enable researchers to track specific production runs.
• Certificate of Analysis: A CoA should accompany the product, detailing analytical testing results including HPLC purity and identity confirmation.
• Labeling Accuracy: Proper labeling should clearly indicate the product name, amount (4mg), sequence, molecular formula, CAS number, and storage recommendations.
• Storage Conditions: Appropriate storage at -20°C or below in desiccated, dark conditions helps maintain peptide stability.

Understanding the Certificate of Analysis

Typically, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) accompanies research peptides and provides information about the specific batch’s analytical testing. For example, a CoA may include product identity confirmation, purity percentage as determined by HPLC, batch or lot number for traceability, analytical methods used (e.g., mass spectrometry, HPLC), and a physical description of the product.

Nevertheless, it is important to note that a CoA does not establish safety, efficacy, therapeutic effectiveness, or suitability for human use. Instead, it serves as a quality control document that helps researchers verify the identity and purity of the peptide they are using in their laboratory investigations.

Storage and Stability of KPV

Core Peptides supplies KPV as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. To maintain stability and integrity:

• Store the lyophilized powder desiccated at -20°C or below for long-term storage
• Store at 4°C for short-term storage if frequent access is required
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
• Weigh under dry conditions; the peptide is hygroscopic
• Reconstitute only immediately before use with appropriate sterile solvents (sterile water or buffered aqueous solutions)
• Inject solvent slowly against the inner wall of the vial; avoid vigorous agitation during dissolution
• Filter sterilize if required (e.g., 0.22 µm) immediately prior to use
• Aliquot and store reconstituted solutions at -20°C or below to minimize degradation
• Protect from light and moisture; prolonged exposure to light, elevated temperature, or aqueous environments may reduce stability

Frequently Asked Questions About Buying KPV 4mg in Switzerland

What is KPV?

Specifically, KPV (Lys-Pro-Val) is a synthetic tripeptide fragment of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) with the amino acid sequence Lys-Pro-Val. It is the smallest fragment of α-MSH that retains anti-inflammatory activity.

What is KPV researched for?

Primarily, researchers study KPV for its role as an anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory peptide. Studies have investigated its effects on cytokine modulation, melanocortin receptor signaling, macrophage polarization, and cytoprotection in various inflammation models.

How does KPV work?

Mechanistically, KPV functions by binding to melanocortin receptors (MC1R and MC3R) on immune cells, modulating cytokine production (reducing TNF-alpha, IL-1β, IL-6 and increasing IL-10), inhibiting NF-κB signaling, and promoting macrophage polarization from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes.

What is the amino acid sequence of KPV?

The amino acid sequence is H-Lys-Pro-Val-OH (KPV).

What is the molecular weight of KPV?

The molecular weight is 357.45 g/mol.

What is the molecular formula of KPV?

The molecular formula is C₁₆H₃₁N₅O₄.

What is the CAS number of KPV?

The CAS number is 16789-00-5.

Is KPV synthetic?

Yes, KPV is a synthetic peptide produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis.

How does KPV differ from α-MSH?

KPV is a tripeptide fragment of α-MSH that retains the anti-inflammatory properties of the parent hormone without the pigmentary (melanogenic) effects. α-MSH is a 13-amino acid peptide with broader receptor binding and additional effects.

What research exists on KPV?

Research on KPV includes studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects in colitis models, dermatitis models, and sepsis models, as well as investigations into cytokine modulation, melanocortin receptor signaling, and cytoprotective mechanisms.

Is KPV approved as a medicine?

No. Regulatory authorities have not approved KPV as a medicine, pharmaceutical, or therapeutic agent. It is a research tool for laboratory use only.

Is KPV intended for human use?

No. KPV is intended for laboratory research use only and is not for human consumption, injection, or therapeutic application.

Where can I buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland?

You can buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides, a trusted research peptide supplier serving the Swiss scientific community.

How should researchers evaluate KPV quality?

Researchers should look for identity confirmation via mass spectrometry, purity data from HPLC, batch traceability, and a Certificate of Analysis.

Related Research Compounds

Researchers interested in KPV may also find the following related compounds relevant to their work:

• α-MSH — The full-length parent peptide from which KPV is derived, researched for anti-inflammatory and pigmentary effects.
• BPC-157 — A peptide researched for tissue healing, gastrointestinal protection, and angiogenesis.
• TB-500 — A Thymosin Beta-4 fragment researched for tissue repair and wound healing.
• GHK-Cu — A copper-binding peptide researched for skin regeneration, wound healing, and anti-aging applications.

Explore Immunity & Inflammation

KPV belongs to the Immunity & Inflammation category of research compounds. Immunity & Inflammation products are studied for their potential roles in inflammatory signaling, immune modulation, and tissue protection. Generally, researchers who buy KPV 4mg in Switzerland often pair it with related compounds in this category to explore complementary pathways in inflammation and immune research.

Explore Healing & Regeneration

Researchers studying tissue repair, cytoprotection, and regenerative mechanisms may also find relevant compounds in the Healing & Regeneration category. KPV’s anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties make it a valuable tool for investigating tissue protection and repair.

Further Research

For researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of KPV and its research applications, the following areas may warrant further investigation:

• The relationship between KPV-mediated melanocortin receptor activation and specific downstream anti-inflammatory pathways
• Comparative studies between KPV and full-length α-MSH in various inflammation and immune models
• The potential role of KPV in modulating macrophage polarization and immune cell function
• Mechanistic studies on KPV’s interaction with MC1R and MC3R and its functional consequences for cytokine regulation
• Exploration of KPV’s effects on different cell types and tissue systems beyond the immune system

Research Disclaimer

KPV is a research peptide supplied for laboratory research use only. Researchers must not use it for human consumption, injection, or any form of therapeutic application. Moreover, this product is not a medicine, pharmaceutical, or medical device. Furthermore, Swissmedic, the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority have not approved it for human use. Researchers should consult Swissmedic for applicable regulations and guidance on research peptide handling in Switzerland.

Generally, the information provided on this page is for educational and scientific reference purposes only. Therefore, it does not constitute medical advice, treatment recommendations, or dosing instructions. Ultimately, researchers bear the responsibility for ensuring that their use of this product complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional guidelines.

Finally, all research involving peptides should be conducted by qualified personnel in appropriate laboratory settings with proper safety protocols.