Humanin (10MG)

What Is Humanin and Why Buy It for Research?

Buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland for research into mitochondrial signaling, neuroprotection, and anti-apoptotic pathways. Specifically, Humanin (also known as HN) is a synthetic 24-amino acid peptide derived from mitochondrial DNA with the sequence Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala-OH (one-letter code: MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA).

Nishimoto and colleagues first discovered Humanin in 2001 using a disease-based death-trap cDNA library constructed from occipital lobe tissue samples of Alzheimer’s disease patients. The peptide is encoded within mitochondrial DNA and belongs to a family of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) that share sequence homology with thirteen HN-like proteins named MTRNR2L1 to MTRNR2L13.

Humanin has a molecular weight of approximately 2,687 g/mol and the molecular formula C₁₁₉H₂₀₄N₃₄O₃₂S₂. The CAS number for Humanin is 330936-69-1. In scientific research, Humanin serves as a molecular tool for studying mitochondrial signaling pathways, apoptosis regulation, neuroprotection, and cytoprotective mechanisms. Furthermore, Core Peptides supplies Humanin as a lyophilized powder in a 10mg format exclusively for laboratory use. Therefore, researchers seeking to source this compound for their work will find it readily available when they buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland.

Humanin Research Overview: Buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland for Mitochondrial Studies

Centrally, research into Humanin has focused on its function as a mitochondrial-derived peptide with pleiotropic cytoprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. Humanin was originally identified as an endogenous peptide that protects neuronal cells from apoptosis induced by mutant Alzheimer’s disease genes. The peptide has since been shown to exhibit neuroprotective, cytoprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Humanin exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including intracellular binding to Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), Bim, and tBid, as well as interaction with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3). The peptide prevents the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria and blocks Bax from converting from an inactive to active conformation.

Humanin also activates cell surface receptors including formyl peptide receptor-like receptors 1 and 2 (FPRL1/2) and a heterotrimeric receptor complex composed of GP130, ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), and WSX-1. Furthermore, Humanin promotes phosphorylated STAT3 dimerization and activates the FPRL1/2-ERK1/2 pathway to exert protective effects. Accordingly, researchers who buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides can support their investigations into mitochondrial signaling, apoptosis regulation, and neuroprotective pathways.

How Does Humanin Work in Research?

Mechanistically, Humanin’s proposed action involves functioning as a mitochondrial-derived signaling peptide that modulates cellular survival through both intracellular and extracellular pathways. The peptide operates through several interconnected mechanisms.

Intracellular Anti-Apoptotic Mechanism

Humanin binds to Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 protein family. This binding prevents the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to the mitochondria and blocks Bax from converting from an inactive to active conformation. Consequently, Humanin inhibits the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and suppresses caspase activation, thereby preventing apoptosis. Humanin also binds to other pro-apoptotic proteins including Bim and tBid.

IGFBP-3 Interaction

Humanin binds to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), which influences both IGF-I and Humanin bioavailability. This interaction appears to involve the heparin-binding domain of IGFBP-3 and does not interfere with IGF-I/IGFBP-3 binding. The binding of Humanin to IGFBP-3 may modulate circulating IGF-I levels.

Cell Surface Receptor Activation

Humanin activates formyl peptide receptor-like receptors 1 and 2 (FPRL1/2), which are G-protein coupled receptors. Additionally, Humanin binds to a heterotrimeric receptor complex composed of GP130, ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR), and WSX-1. These receptor interactions activate downstream signaling pathways including STAT3 phosphorylation and the FPRL1/2-ERK1/2 pathway, contributing to cytoprotective effects.

Mitochondrial Function Modulation

Humanin is a mitochondria-derived peptide that plays a role in mitochondrial signaling and function. The peptide has been shown to modulate mitochondrial complex I activity and reduce oxidative stress. Humanin protects cells from oxidative stress, serum starvation, hypoxia, and other cellular insults.

Why Is Humanin Studied in Switzerland?

Primarily, researchers study Humanin because it represents a well-characterized mitochondrial-derived peptide that enables investigation of neuroprotection, apoptosis regulation, and mitochondrial signaling. In fact, this compound offers a focused tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration, cellular stress responses, and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Research has demonstrated Humanin’s relevance across multiple domains. Humanin has been shown to protect against neuronal cell death induced by familial Alzheimer’s disease genes and amyloid-β toxicity. The peptide also improves cognitive function in animal models and protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Furthermore, Humanin has been studied for its potential roles in diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, infertility, and aging. Studies have shown that Humanin improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal models.  Ultimately, researchers who buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland gain access to a comprehensive research tool for investigating mitochondrial signaling, neuroprotection, and cytoprotective pathways.

Humanin Research Areas in Laboratory Studies

Research Area	Focus	Evidence Level
Neuroprotection	Alzheimer’s disease models, amyloid-β toxicity, neuronal survival	Preclinical / In Vitro
Apoptosis Regulation	Bax inhibition, cytochrome c release, caspase activation	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Mitochondrial Signaling	Mitochondrial function, complex I activity, oxidative stress	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Receptor Pharmacology	FPRL1/2, CNTFR/GP130/WSX-1, STAT3 signaling	Mechanistic
Metabolic Regulation	Insulin sensitivity, diabetes, glucose metabolism	Preclinical
Cardioprotection	Ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiac protection	Preclinical
Anti-Inflammatory Research	Cytokine modulation, inflammation resolution	Mechanistic / Preclinical
Aging Research	Age-related diseases, cellular senescence, mitochondrial aging	Preclinical

Humanin Compared With Related Research Compounds

Compound	Research Focus	Mechanism / Target	Key Difference
Humanin (HN)	Neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, mitochondrial signaling	Bax inhibitor, FPRL1/2 agonist, IGFBP-3 binding	24-amino acid mitochondrial peptide; pleiotropic cytoprotective effects
HNG (Humanin Analog)	Neuroprotection, autophagy induction	Ser14→Gly substitution; enhanced activity	Single amino acid substitution; more potent in some assays
P21	Neuroprotection, mitochondrial dysfunction	Mitochondrial-derived peptide	Different mitochondrial peptide with distinct sequence
MOTS-c	Metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity	Mitochondrial-derived peptide	Different mitochondrial peptide; primarily metabolic effects

Comparatively, Humanin differs from other mitochondrial-derived peptides in its primary neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic functions. On the one hand, Humanin was the first mitochondrial-derived peptide discovered and remains the most extensively studied for neuroprotection and Bax inhibition. On the other hand, HNG (the Ser14→Gly analog) exhibits enhanced activity in some assays and is a potent autophagy inducer. In contrast, MOTS-c is primarily studied for metabolic regulation and insulin sensitivity, while P21 is another mitochondrial peptide with distinct functions.

Research Applications for Humanin in Switzerland

Scientists have investigated Humanin across several research domains:

• Neuroprotection Studies: Researchers use Humanin to study Alzheimer’s disease models, amyloid-β toxicity, and neuronal survival mechanisms.
• Apoptosis Research: The peptide serves as a tool for investigating Bax-mediated apoptosis, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation pathways.
• Mitochondrial Signaling: Humanin is employed to study mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial-derived peptide signaling.
• Receptor Pharmacology: Studies have examined Humanin’s interaction with FPRL1/2, CNTFR/GP130/WSX-1, and downstream STAT3 signaling.
• Metabolic Research: Investigations have explored Humanin’s effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and diabetes models.
• Cardioprotection Studies: Humanin has been studied for its protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Evidently, researchers who buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland gain a valuable addition to any laboratory toolkit focused on neuroprotection, mitochondrial signaling, and cytoprotective research.

Humanin Product Specifications

Specification	Details
Product Name	Humanin (HN)
Alternative Names	HN, Humanin peptide, Mitochondrial-derived peptide, HN 24-mer
Amount	10mg
Form	Lyophilized powder
Purity	Not verified (≥95% HPLC purity reported by some suppliers)
Amino Acid Sequence	H-Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala-OH
Sequence (1-letter)	MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA
Peptide Length	24 amino acids
Molecular Formula	C₁₁₉H₂₀₄N₃₄O₃₂S₂
Molecular Weight	Approximately 2,687 g/mol (varies by salt form)
CAS Number	330936-69-1
PubChem CID	16131438
Research Category	Cognitive & Nootropic / Anti-Aging & Longevity
Research Use	Laboratory research use only
CoA	Available upon request (not verified)
Storage	Lyophilized powder should be stored desiccated at -20°C or below, protected from light
Solubility	Soluble in water and buffered aqueous solutions

How to Evaluate Humanin Quality for Research

When sourcing Humanin peptide for laboratory research, researchers should consider several quality indicators:

• Identity Confirmation: Analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry should confirm the compound’s molecular weight (approximately 2,687 g/mol) and sequence (MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA).
• Purity Assessment: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) should verify purity, with ≥95% considered standard for research-grade material.
• Batch Traceability: Lot numbers and batch information enable researchers to track specific production runs.
• Certificate of Analysis: A CoA should accompany the product, detailing analytical testing results including HPLC purity and identity confirmation.
• Labeling Accuracy: Proper labeling should clearly indicate the product name, amount (10mg), sequence, molecular formula, CAS number, and storage recommendations.
• Storage Conditions: Appropriate storage at -20°C or below in desiccated, dark conditions helps maintain peptide stability.

Understanding the Certificate of Analysis

Typically, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) accompanies research peptides and provides information about the specific batch’s analytical testing. For example, a CoA may include product identity confirmation, purity percentage as determined by HPLC, batch or lot number for traceability, analytical methods used (e.g., mass spectrometry, HPLC), and a physical description of the product.

Nevertheless, it is important to note that a CoA does not establish safety, efficacy, therapeutic effectiveness, or suitability for human use. Instead, it serves as a quality control document that helps researchers verify the identity and purity of the peptide they are using in their laboratory investigations.

Storage and Stability of Humanin

Core Peptides supplies Humanin as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. To maintain stability and integrity:

• Store the lyophilized powder desiccated at -20°C or below for long-term storage
• Store at 4°C for short-term storage if frequent access is required
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
• Weigh under dry conditions; the peptide is hygroscopic
• Reconstitute only immediately before use with appropriate sterile solvents (sterile water or buffered aqueous solutions)
• Inject solvent slowly against the inner wall of the vial; avoid vigorous agitation during dissolution
• Filter sterilize if required (e.g., 0.22 µm) immediately prior to use
• Aliquot and store reconstituted solutions at -20°C or below to minimize degradation
• Protect from light and moisture; prolonged exposure to light, elevated temperature, or aqueous environments may reduce stability

Frequently Asked Questions About Buying Humanin 10mg in Switzerland

What is Humanin?

Specifically, Humanin (HN) is a synthetic 24-amino acid mitochondrial-derived peptide with the sequence MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA. It was first discovered in 2001 as a neuroprotective factor against Alzheimer’s disease-associated insults.

What is Humanin researched for?

Primarily, researchers study Humanin for its role in neuroprotection, anti-apoptosis, and mitochondrial signaling. Studies have investigated its effects on Bax inhibition, Alzheimer’s disease models, cytoprotection, and metabolic regulation.

How does Humanin work?

Mechanistically, Humanin functions through multiple pathways: intracellular Bax inhibition (preventing mitochondrial translocation and cytochrome c release), cell surface receptor activation (FPRL1/2, CNTFR/GP130/WSX-1), and IGFBP-3 binding to modulate bioavailability and signaling.

What is the amino acid sequence of Humanin?

The amino acid sequence is H-Met-Ala-Pro-Arg-Gly-Phe-Ser-Cys-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu-Thr-Ser-Glu-Ile-Asp-Leu-Pro-Val-Lys-Arg-Arg-Ala-OH (one-letter code: MAPRGFSCLLLLTSEIDLPVKRRA).

What is the molecular weight of Humanin?

The molecular weight is approximately 2,687 g/mol (varies by salt form).

What is the molecular formula of Humanin?

The molecular formula is C₁₁₉H₂₀₄N₃₄O₃₂S₂.

What is the CAS number of Humanin?

The CAS number is 330936-69-1.

Is Humanin synthetic?

Yes, Humanin is a synthetic peptide produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis.

What is the difference between Humanin and HNG?

HNG is a Humanin analog with a serine-to-glycine substitution at position 14 (Ser14→Gly).

What research exists on Humanin?

Research on Humanin includes studies demonstrating neuroprotection against Alzheimer’s disease-associated insults, Bax inhibition and anti-apoptotic effects, protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury, metabolic regulation and insulin sensitivity improvement, and anti-inflammatory properties in preclinical models.

Where can I buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland?

You can buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides, a trusted research peptide supplier serving the Swiss scientific community.

How should researchers evaluate Humanin quality?

Researchers should look for identity confirmation via mass spectrometry, purity data from HPLC, batch traceability, and a Certificate of Analysis.

Related Research Compounds

Researchers interested in Humanin may also find the following related compounds relevant to their work:

• HNG (Humanin Analog) — A Ser14→Gly analog of Humanin with enhanced activity and potent autophagy-inducing properties.
• MOTS-c — A mitochondrial-derived peptide researched for metabolic regulation, insulin sensitivity, and exercise metabolism.
• BPC-157 — A peptide researched for tissue healing, gastrointestinal protection, and angiogenesis.
• Cortagen — A Khavinson tetrapeptide researched for neuroprotection and CNS gene regulation.

Explore Cognitive & Nootropic

Humanin belongs to the Cognitive & Nootropic category of research compounds. Cognitive & Nootropic products are studied for their potential roles in neuroprotection, cognitive function, and nervous system regulation. Generally, researchers who buy Humanin 10mg in Switzerland often pair it with related compounds in this category to explore complementary pathways in neuroprotection and cognitive research.

Explore Anti-Aging & Longevity

Researchers studying mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and aging-related pathways may also find relevant compounds in the Anti-Aging & Longevity category. Humanin’s effects on mitochondrial function and cytoprotection make it a valuable tool for investigating aging-related cellular processes.

Further Research

For researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of Humanin and its research applications, the following areas may warrant further investigation:

• The relationship between Humanin-mediated Bax inhibition and specific downstream effects on apoptosis pathways
• Comparative studies between Humanin and HNG in various neuroprotection and cytoprotection models
• The potential role of Humanin in modulating mitochondrial function and cellular stress responses
• Mechanistic studies on Humanin’s interaction with FPRL1/2, IGFBP-3, and other binding partners
• Exploration of Humanin’s effects on different cell types and tissue systems beyond the nervous system

Research Disclaimer

Researchers must not use it for human consumption, injection, or any form of therapeutic application. Moreover, this product is not a medicine, pharmaceutical, or medical device. Furthermore, Swissmedic, the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority have not approved it for human use. Researchers should consult Swissmedic for applicable regulations and guidance on research peptide handling in Switzerland.

Generally, the information provided on this page is for educational and scientific reference purposes only. Therefore, it does not constitute medical advice, treatment recommendations, or dosing instructions. Ultimately, researchers bear the responsibility for ensuring that their use of this product complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional guidelines.