AOD 9604 (5MG)

What Is AOD 9604 and Why Buy It for Research?

Buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland for research into lipid metabolism, lipolysis, and adipose tissue regulation. Specifically, AOD 9604 (also known as Anti-Obesity Drug-9604, hGH 177-191, or AOD9604) is a synthetic 15-amino acid peptide fragment derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH). Structurally, it corresponds to amino acid residues 177 to 191 of the hGH molecule and contains a disulfide bridge between its two cysteine residues, forming a cyclic peptide structure.

In scientific research, AOD 9604 serves as a molecular tool for studying the lipolytic actions of growth hormone without the systemic growth-promoting effects associated with full-length hGH. Researchers consider this peptide particularly valuable for investigating lipid metabolism, fat oxidation, and the regulation of adipose tissue. Furthermore, Core Peptides supplies AOD 9604 as a lyophilized powder in a 5mg format exclusively for laboratory use. Therefore, researchers seeking to source this compound for their work will find it readily available through trusted suppliers.

AOD 9604 Research Overview: Buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland for Lipid Metabolism Studies

Centrally, research into AOD 9604 has focused on its function as a lipolytic peptide that mimics the fat-burning effects of growth hormone. Endogenously, human growth hormone stimulates lipolysis (the breakdown of stored fat into free fatty acids) and inhibits lipogenesis (the conversion of glucose into fat) through activation of MEK-ERK and other downstream pathways. AOD 9604 specifically retains the lipolytic domain of hGH while eliminating the regions responsible for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation and growth-promoting effects.

For instance, Ogru and colleagues published a structural analysis in the Journal of Peptide Research in 2000 that confirmed a lipolysis-stimulating, lipogenesis-inhibiting profile for AOD 9604. Furthermore, the peptide appears to act through beta-3 adrenergic receptor modulation in adipose tissue, working directly at the level of fat cells to stimulate lipolysis and inhibit lipogenesis. Accordingly, researchers can buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides to support their investigations into lipid metabolism, adipose tissue regulation, and metabolic pathways.

How Does AOD 9604 Work in Research?

Mechanistically, AOD 9604’s proposed action involves functioning as a lipolytic peptide that interacts with adipose tissue to modulate fat metabolism. The peptide’s 15-amino acid sequence H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH contains a disulfide bridge between the cysteine residues at positions 6 and 13, creating a cyclic structure that is essential for its biological activity.

Research suggests that AOD 9604 promotes lipolysis through interaction with the beta-adrenergic pathway, particularly with beta-3 adrenergic receptors (β3-AR) in adipose tissue. Both human growth hormone and AOD 9604 induce weight loss and increase lipolytic sensitivity following long-term treatment in mice. Notably, one mechanism by which this may occur involves an interaction with the beta-adrenergic pathway, particularly with the beta(3)-adrenergic receptors.

Nevertheless, studies indicate that the lipolytic actions of both hGH and AOD 9604 do not occur directly through the β3-AR, although both compounds increase β3-AR expression. Therefore, AOD 9604 may act through a complex signaling network involving multiple pathways. Furthermore, the peptide mimics the lipolytic domain of growth hormone while minimizing systemic GH and IGF-1 activation, making it a more focused tool for studying fat metabolism specifically.

Why Is AOD 9604 Studied in Switzerland?

Primarily, researchers study AOD 9604 because it represents a well-characterized hGH fragment that enables investigation of lipid metabolism, lipolysis, and adipose tissue regulation without the complications of full-length growth hormone signaling. In fact, this peptide offers a focused tool for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying fat breakdown, fat formation inhibition, and metabolic homeostasis.

Preclinical studies in rodent models have demonstrated that AOD 9604 induces weight loss and increases lipolytic sensitivity following long-term treatment. For example, in obese mice, the peptide reduces body fat and improves metabolic parameters. Additionally, clinical trials have investigated AOD 9604 for obesity treatment, with one study reporting an average weight loss of 2.6 kg over 12 weeks, compared to 0.8 kg in the placebo group. However, a 24-week Phase 2b study in 536 subjects did not meet its primary endpoint for significant weight loss versus placebo. Ultimately, researchers can buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland to access a research tool that may help uncover mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism, adipose tissue biology, and metabolic regulation.

AOD 9604 Research Areas in Laboratory Studies

Research Area	Focus	Evidence Level
Lipid Metabolism	Lipolysis stimulation, lipogenesis inhibition, fat oxidation	Mechanistic / In Vitro / In Vivo
Adipose Tissue Regulation	Fat breakdown, adipocyte signaling, lipid mobilization	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Metabolic Research	Energy homeostasis, metabolic adaptation, obesity models	Animal / Preclinical
Beta-Adrenergic Signaling	β3-AR modulation, adrenergic pathway interactions	Mechanistic / In Vitro
Osteoarthritis Research	Cartilage repair, joint health, anti-inflammatory effects	Emerging Research
Growth Hormone Biology	hGH fragment function, lipolytic domain characterization	Mechanistic

AOD 9604 Compared With Related Research Compounds

Compound	Research Focus	Mechanism / Target	Key Difference
AOD 9604	Lipid metabolism, lipolysis	β3-AR modulation, hGH fragment (177-191)	15-amino acid cyclic peptide; no IGF-1 stimulation
Full-Length hGH	Growth, metabolism, IGF-1 signaling	GH receptor activation	191 amino acids; stimulates IGF-1 and growth
BPC-157	Tissue healing, angiogenesis	Growth factor modulation	Different mechanism; no lipid metabolism focus
GHK-Cu	Skin remodeling, wound healing	Copper delivery, ECM signaling	Different target; no lipolytic activity

Comparatively, AOD 9604 differs from full-length human growth hormone in its structure and research applications. On the one hand, full-length hGH consists of 191 amino acids and stimulates both metabolic and growth-promoting effects through IGF-1 signaling. On the other hand, AOD 9604 is a 15-amino acid fragment that specifically targets the lipolytic domain of hGH, making it a more focused tool for studying fat metabolism without the confounding effects of growth promotion. In contrast, BPC-157 and GHK-Cu operate through entirely different mechanisms unrelated to growth hormone signaling.

Research Applications for AOD 9604 in Switzerland

Scientists have investigated AOD 9604 across several research domains:

• Lipid Metabolism Research: Researchers use AOD 9604 to study lipolysis stimulation, lipogenesis inhibition, and the molecular mechanisms underlying fat oxidation.
• Adipose Tissue Biology: Investigations have explored AOD 9604’s effects on adipocyte signaling, lipid mobilization, and adipose tissue regulation.
• Metabolic Research: The peptide serves as a tool for studying energy homeostasis, metabolic adaptation, and obesity-related pathways in preclinical models.
• Beta-Adrenergic Signaling Studies: AOD 9604 is used to investigate β3-AR modulation and adrenergic pathway interactions in adipose tissue.
• Osteoarthritis Research: Emerging studies have examined AOD 9604’s potential effects on cartilage repair and joint health.
• Growth Hormone Biology: The compound is used to characterize the lipolytic domain of hGH and understand fragment-specific functions.

Evidently, researchers can buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland for these applications, as it is a valuable addition to any laboratory toolkit focused on lipid metabolism and adipose tissue research.

AOD 9604 Product Specifications

Specification	Details
Product Name	AOD 9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug-9604)
Alternative Names	hGH 177-191, AOD9604, Anti-Obesity Drug-9604
Amount	5mg
Form	Lyophilized powder
Purity	Not verified
Amino Acid Sequence	H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH
Sequence Abbreviation	YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF (cyclic, disulfide bond Cys6-Cys13)
Molecular Formula	C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂
Molecular Weight	1815.1 g/mol (free base)
CAS Number	221231-10-3 (free base); 386264-39-7 (also reported)
Research Category	Weight Management & Metabolism / Muscle & Performance
Research Use	Laboratory research use only
CoA	Available upon request (not verified)
Storage	Lyophilized powder should be stored desiccated at -20°C or below

How to Evaluate AOD 9604 Quality for Research

When sourcing AOD 9604 peptide for laboratory research, researchers should consider several quality indicators:

• Identity Confirmation: Analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry should confirm the compound’s molecular weight (1815.1 g/mol) and sequence (H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH).
• Purity Assessment: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can provide information about peptide purity.
• Disulfide Bridge Confirmation: Analytical methods should confirm the presence of the cyclic structure with the disulfide bond between cysteine residues 6 and 13.
• Batch Traceability: Lot numbers and batch information enable researchers to track specific production runs.
• Certificate of Analysis: A CoA should accompany the product, detailing analytical testing results.
• Labeling Accuracy: Proper labeling should clearly indicate the product name, amount, sequence, and storage recommendations.
• Storage Conditions: Appropriate storage at -20°C or below in desiccated conditions helps maintain peptide stability.

Understanding the Certificate of Analysis

Typically, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) accompanies research peptides and provides information about the specific batch’s analytical testing. For example, a CoA may include product identity confirmation, purity percentage as determined by HPLC, batch or lot number for traceability, analytical methods used (e.g., mass spectrometry, HPLC), and a physical description of the product.

Nevertheless, it is important to note that a CoA does not establish safety, efficacy, therapeutic effectiveness, or suitability for human use. Instead, it serves as a quality control document that helps researchers verify the identity and purity of the peptide they are using in their laboratory investigations.

Storage and Stability of AOD 9604

Core Peptides supplies AOD 9604 as a lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder. To maintain stability and integrity:

• Store the lyophilized powder desiccated at -20°C or below for long-term storage
• Store at 4°C for short-term storage if frequent access is required
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles
• Reconstitute only immediately before use with appropriate sterile solvents
• Gently swirl to dissolve; do not vortex
• Filter sterilize if required (e.g., 0.22 µm) immediately prior to use
• If stock solutions are required, store as aliquots in tightly sealed vials at -20°C
• Protect from light and moisture

Frequently Asked Questions About Buying AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland

What is AOD 9604?

Specifically, AOD 9604 (Anti-Obesity Drug-9604, hGH 177-191) is a synthetic 15-amino acid peptide fragment derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone.

What is AOD 9604 researched for?

Primarily, researchers study AOD 9604 for its role as a lipolytic peptide that stimulates fat breakdown and inhibits fat formation. Studies have investigated its effects on lipid metabolism, adipose tissue regulation, and metabolic pathways.

How does AOD 9604 work?

Mechanistically, AOD 9604 appears to act through beta-3 adrenergic receptor modulation in adipose tissue, stimulating lipolysis and inhibiting lipogenesis. They designed it to mimic the lipolytic domain of growth hormone without the systemic growth-promoting effects.

What is the amino acid sequence of AOD 9604?

The amino acid sequence is H-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe-OH (YLRIVQCRSVEGSCGF), with a disulfide bond between cysteine residues 6 and 13.

What is the molecular weight of AOD 9604?

The molecular weight is 1815.1 g/mol (free base).

What is the molecular formula of AOD 9604?

The molecular formula is C₇₈H₁₂₃N₂₃O₂₃S₂.

What is the CAS number of AOD 9604?

Not verified. Reported CAS numbers include 221231-10-3 and 386264-39-7.

Is AOD 9604 synthetic?

Yes, AOD 9604 is a synthetic peptide produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis.

What research exists on AOD 9604?

Research on AOD 9604 includes preclinical studies in rodent models demonstrating weight loss and increased lipolytic sensitivity, a 2000 structural analysis by Ogru and colleagues, and clinical trials for obesity treatment including a 24-week Phase 2b study in 536 subjects.

Is AOD 9604 approved as a medicine?

No. Regulatory authorities have not approved AOD 9604 as a medicine, pharmaceutical, or therapeutic agent. Its development as an anti-obesity agent terminated after a failed pivotal trial.

Is AOD 9604 intended for human use?

No. AOD 9604 is intended for laboratory research use only and is not for human consumption, injection, or therapeutic application.

Where can I buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland?

You can buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland from Core Peptides, a trusted research peptide supplier serving the Swiss scientific community.

How should researchers evaluate AOD 9604 quality?

Researchers should look for identity confirmation via mass spectrometry, purity data from HPLC, disulfide bridge confirmation, batch traceability, and a Certificate of Analysis.

Related Research Compounds

Researchers interested in AOD 9604 may also find the following related compounds relevant to their work:

• Full-Length Human Growth Hormone — The parent molecule from which AOD 9604 is derived, researched for growth, metabolism, and IGF-1 signaling.
• BPC-157 — A peptide researched for tissue healing, gastrointestinal health, and angiogenesis.
• TB-500 — A Thymosin Beta 4 fragment researched for tissue repair and wound healing.
• GHK-Cu — A copper-binding peptide researched for skin regeneration, wound healing, and anti-aging applications.

Explore Weight Management & Metabolism

AOD 9604 belongs to the Weight Management & Metabolism category of research compounds. Weight Management & Metabolism products are studied for their potential roles in metabolic regulation, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Generally, researchers who buy AOD 9604 5mg in Switzerland often pair it with related compounds in this category to explore complementary pathways in metabolic research and adipose tissue biology.

Explore Muscle & Performance

Researchers studying metabolic adaptation, exercise physiology, and performance-related mechanisms may also find relevant compounds in the Muscle & Performance category. AOD 9604’s effects on lipid metabolism and energy utilization make it a valuable tool for investigating muscle metabolism and performance-related pathways.

Further Research

For researchers seeking to deepen their understanding of AOD 9604 and its research applications, the following areas may warrant further investigation:

• The relationship between AOD 9604-mediated beta-adrenergic signaling and specific downstream lipolytic pathways
• Comparative studies between AOD 9604 and full-length hGH in various metabolic and physiological models
• The potential role of AOD 9604 in modulating osteoarthritis and cartilage repair mechanisms
• Mechanistic studies on AOD 9604’s interaction with beta-3 adrenergic receptors and other signaling pathways
• Exploration of AOD 9604’s effects on different adipose depots and tissue systems

Research Disclaimer

AOD 9604 is a research peptide supplied for laboratory research use only. Researchers must not use it for human consumption, injection, or any form of therapeutic application. Moreover, this product is not a medicine, pharmaceutical, or medical device. Furthermore, Swissmedic, the FDA, EMA, or any other regulatory authority have not approved it for human use. Researchers should consult Swissmedic for applicable regulations and guidance on research peptide handling in Switzerland.

Generally, the information provided on this page is for educational and scientific reference purposes only. Therefore, it does not constitute medical advice, treatment recommendations, or dosing instructions. Ultimately, researchers bear the responsibility for ensuring that their use of this product complies with all applicable laws, regulations, and institutional guidelines.

Finally, all research involving peptides should be conducted by qualified personnel in appropriate laboratory settings with proper safety protocols.